31. Which sequence of research steps is logical in the list given below?

(1) Problem formulation, Analysis, Development of Research design, Hypothesis making, Collection of data, Arriving at generalizations and conclusions.

(2) Development of Research design, Hypothesis making, Problem formulation, Data analyses, Arriving at conclusions and data collection.

(3) Problem formulation, Hypothesis making, Development of a Research design, Collection of data, Data analysis and formulation of generalizations and conclusions.

(4) Problem formulation, Deciding about the sample and data collection tools, Formulation of hypothesis, Collection and interpretation of research evidence.

Answer: 3

32. Below are given two sets – research methods (Set-I) and data collection tools (Set-II). Match the two sets and indicate your answer by selecting the correct code:

Set-I                                           Set-II

(Research Methods)             (Data Collection Tools)

1. Experimental method         i. Using primary secondary sources
2. Ex post-facto method          ii. Questionnaire
3. Descriptive survey method iii. Standardized tests
4. Historical method                iv. Typical characteristic tests

Codes:

     a   b   c   d

(1) ii   i    iii  iv

(2) iii  iv   ii   i

(3) ii   iii   i   iv

(4) ii   iv  iii  i

Answer: 2

33. The issue of ‘research ethics’ may be considered pertinent at which stage of research?

(1) At the stage of problem formulation and its definition

(2) At the stage of defining the population of research

(3) At the stage of data collection and interpretation

(4) At the stage of reporting the findings

Answer: 3

34. In which of the following, reporting format is formally prescribed?

(1) Doctoral level thesis

(2) Conference of researchers

(3) Workshops and seminars

(4) Symposia

Answer: 1

35. The principal of the school conducts an interview session of teachers and students with a view to explore the possibility of their enhanced participation in school programmes. This endeavour may be related to which type of research?

(1) Evaluation Research

(2) Fundamental Research

(3) Action Research

(4) Applied Research

Answer: 3

36. In doing action research what is the usual sequence of steps?

(1) Reflect, observe, plan, act

(2) Plan, act, observe, reflect

(3) Plan, reflect, obsere, act

(4) Act, observe, plan, reflect

Answer: 2

Read the following passage carefully and answer questions from 37 to 42:

The last great war, which nearly shook the foundations of the modern world, had little impact on Indian literature beyond aggravating the popular revulsion against violence and adding to the growing disillusionment with the ‘humane pretensions’ of the Western World. This was eloquently voiced in Tagore’s later poems and his last testament, Crisis in Civilization. The Indian intelligentsia was in a state of moral dilemma. On the one hand, it could not help sympathising with England’s dogged courage in the hour of peril, with the Russians fighting with their backs on the wall against ruthless Nazi hordes, and with China groaning under the heel of Japanese militarism; on the other hand, their own country was practically under the military occupation of their own soil, and an Indian army under Subhas Bose was trying from the opposite camp to liberate their country. No creative impulse could issue from such confusion of loyalties. One would imagine that the achievement of Indian independence in 1947, which came in the wake of the Allies’ victory and was followed by collapse of colonialism in the neighbouring countries of South-East Asia, would have released an upsurge of creative energy. No doubt it did, but unfortunately it was soon submerged in the great agony of partition, with its inhuman slaughter of the innocents and the uprooting of millions of people from their homeland, followed by the martyrdom of Mahatma Gandhi. These tragedies, along with Pakistan’s Invasion of Kashmir and its later atrocities in Bangladesh, did indeed provoke a poignant writing, particularly in the languages of the regions most affected, Bengali, Hindi, Kashmiri, Punjabi, Sindhi and Urdu. Both poignant or passionate writing does not by itself make great literature. What reserves of enthusiasm and confidence survived these disasters have been mainly absorbed in the task of national reconstruction and economic development. Great literature has always emerged out of chains of convulsions. Indian literature is richer today in volume, range and variety than it ever was in the past.

Based on the passage answer the following questions from 37 to 42:     

37. What was the stance of Indian intelligentsia during the period of great war?

(1) Indifference to Russia’s plight

(2) They favoured Japanese militarism

(3) They prompted creativity out of confused loyalties

(4) They expressed sympathy for England’s dogged courage.

Answer: 4

38. Identify the factor responsible for the submergence of creative energy in Indian literature.

(1) Military occupation of one’s own soil

(2) Resistance to colonial occupation

(3) Great agony of partition

(4) Victory of Allies

Answer: 3

39. What was the aftermath that survived tragedies in Kashmir and Bangladesh?

(1) Suspicion of other countries

(2) Continuance of rivalry

(3) Menace of war

(4) National reconstruction

Answer: 4

40. The passage has the message that

(1) Disasters are inevitable

(2) Great literature emerges out of chains of convulsions

(3) Indian literature does not have a marked landscape

(4) Literature has no relation with war and independence.

Answer: 2

41. What was the impact of the last great war on Indian literature?

(1) It had no impact

(2) It aggravated popular revulsion against violence

(3) It shook the foundations of literature

(4) It offered eloquent support to the Western World

Answer: 2

42. What did Tagore articulate in his last testament?

(1) Offered support to Subhas Bose

(2) Exposed the humane pretensions of the Western World

(3) Expressed loyalty to England

(4) Encouraged the liberation of countries

Answer: 2