1. Research is:
(a) A fault activity
(b) An activity that helps in development
(c) An interesting activity
(d) An activity that adds to happiness of the people

2. A researcher should always:
(a) Know everything in his area
(b) Know about sub-area
(c) Wait for an inspiration
(d) None of the above

3. Which of the following best sums up the objective of hypothesis?
(a) It places clear goals for the researcher
(b) It prevents the researcher from undertaking blind research
(c) It enables the researcher to draw conclusions.
(d) It lays down the rules for undertaking the research

4. One undertakes research for which of the following purpose?
{a) To verify what has been established
(b) To refute some assumptions
(c) To describe a new phenomenon
(d) Either of a, b or c

5. Research promises advancement of knowledge but discoveries are rare bee
(a) Research is a critical, continuous investigation
(b) Researchers are not creative enough to solve problems
(c) Sustained effort at research is lacking these days
(d) Most people lack the aptitude for research

6. Language is a
(a) Instinctive development
(b) System of symbols for effective communication
(c) Medium to express experiences
(d) Medium for self enhancement

7. An individual's ability to learn is
(a) Absorbed
(b) Acquired
(c) Occurring from within
(d) Developed

8. Bibliography given in a research report
(a) Helps those interested in further research and studying the problem from a angle.
(b) Shows the vast knowledge of the researcher
(c) Makes the report authentic
(d) None of the above

9. The research antagonistic to ex-post facto research is
(a) Experimental studies
(b) Library researches
(c) Normative researches
(d) all of the above

10. An example of scientific knowledge is
(a) Social traditions and customs
(b) Authority of the prophet or great men
(c) Religious scriptures
(d) Laboratory and field experiments

11. The process not needed in experimental researches is
(a) Controlling
(b) Observation
(c) Manipulation and replication
(d) Reference collection

12. Research promises advancement of knowledge but discoveries are rare because:
(a) Research is a critical, continuous investigation
(b) Researchers are not creative enough to solve problems
(c) Sustained effort at research is lacking these days
(d) Most people lack the aptitude for research

13. In any discipline, theories and observations (related experiment results):
(a) Should complement each other
(b) more often than not should contradict each other
(c) Need not have anything to do with each other
(d) should compensate each other

14. If I do not get a satisfactory explanation to certain occurrences.
(a) It may not be worth knowing at all
(b) It would be better to wait for a person who can explain it
(c) It would be better to visit a nearby research institute to get more information
(d) I would not be at rest till I get a correct explanation

15. All are example of qualitative variables except
(a) Sex
(b) Religion and castes
(c) Observation
(d) Interest of the subject

16. If the sample drawn does not specify any condition about the parameter of the population, it is called
(a) Selected statistics
(b) Distribution free statistics
(c) Census
(d) Non of the above

17. Attributes of objects, events of things which can be measured are called
(a) Data
(b) Qualitative measure
(c) Variables
(d) None of the above

18. In order to augment the accuracy of the study a researcher
(a) Should be honest and unbiased
(b) Should increase the size of the sample
(c) Should kept the variance high
(d) all of these

19. Hypothesis cannot be stated in
(a) Declarative terms
(b) Null and question form terms
(c) General terms
(d) Directional terms

20. All causes non sampling errors except
(a) Faulty tools of measurement
(b) Inadequate sample
(c) Defect in data collection
(d) Non-response

21. Formulation of hypothesis may not be necessary in
(a) Survey studies
(b) Fact finding (historical) studio
(c) Experimental studies
(d) Normative studies

22. Who is regarded the father of scientific social surveys?
(a) Best
(b) Booth
(c) Darwin
(d) None of these

23. A good piece of research is a product of:
(a) Collective scholarship
(b) a good library
(c) A penetrating and analytical mind
(d) a touch of genius

24. What is statistical inference?
(a) Reaching conclusions from a sample
(b) Analyzing statistical data
(c) Applying statistical methods
(d) Developing statistical theories

25. Which of the following is not correct? A belief becomes a scientific truth when
(a) Is established experimentally
(b) Is arrived logically
(c) Is accepted by many people
(d) can be replicated

26. The experimental study is based on the law of
(a) Single variable
(b) Occupation
(c) Replication
(d) interest of the subject

27. Fordoing external criticism (for establishing the authenticity of tin a) a rese must verify
(a) Signature and handwriting of the author
(b) The paper and ink used in that period which is under study
(c) Style of prose writing of that period
(d) all of the above

28. Survey study aims at
(i) Knowing facts about the existing situation
(ii) Comparing the present status with the standard norms
(iii) Criticizing the existing situation
(iv) Identifying the means of improving the existing situation
(a) (i) And (ii) only
(b) (i), (ii). And (iv)
(c) (i), (ii), (iii) And (iv)
(d) (ii) And (iii) only

29. Which of the following is not the characteristic of a researcher?
(a) He is industrious and persistent on the trial of discovery
(b) He is a specialist rather than a generalist
(c) He is not inspirational to his chosen field but accepts the reality
(d) He is not versatile in his interest and even in his native abilities
(e) He is versatile in his interest even in his native abilities
(f) He is objective

30. The validity and reliability of a research will be at stake when -
(a) The incident was reported after a long period of time from that of its occurrence
(b) The author who is the source of information is biased, incompetent of dishonest
(c) The researcher himself is not competent enough to draw logical conclusions
(d) All of the above

31.A researcher wants to study the future of the Congress I in India. For the study which tool is most appropriate for him?
(a)Picnics/excursions
(b)mock-parliament
(c)Celebration of festivals
(d)all of the above

32. seeing a very big it was reported that JD will win the election, the conclusion was based on
(a) Random sampling
(b) Cluster sampling
(c) Purposive sampling
(d) Systematic sampling

33. A researcher divides his population into certain groups and fixes the size of the sample from each
group. It is called
(a) Stratified sample
(b) Quota sample
(c) Cluster sample
(d) all of the above

34. Which technique is generally followed when the population is finite?
(a) Purposive sampling technique
(b) Area sampling technique
(c) Systematic sampling technique
(d) None of the above

35. Which of the following is a non-probability sample?
(a) Quota sample
(b) Simple random sample
(c) Purposive sample
(d) (a) and (c) both

36. A researcher selects a probability sample of 100 out of the total population. It is
(a) Cluster sample
(b) A random sample
(c) A systematic sample
(d) A stratified sample

37. A good hypothesis should be
(a) Formulated in such a way that it can be tested by the data
(b) Precise, specific and consistent with most known facts
(c) Of limited scope and should not have global significance
(d) all of the above

38. While writing research report a researcher
(a) Must arrange it in logical, topical and chronological order
(b) Must not use the numerical figures in numbers in the beginning of sentences
(c) Must compare his results with those of the other studies
(d) all of the above

39. Which of the following is a primary source of data?
(a) Official records - governments documents, information preserved by social religious organization etc.
(b) Personal records, letters, diaries, autobiographies, wills, etc.
(c) Oral survey of traditions and customs
(d) All of the above

40.A farmer considers the age-old method of ploughing better then the latest methods available to him. In arriving at this conclusion, he is being influenced by:
(a)Tradition
(b)Experience
(c)Reason
(d)Experimentation

41.Consider the following statement: 'Observations, in themselves, are of little statement.' What is the basis of making such a statement?
(a)They are without any purpose
(b)They must be related to other facts for generalization
(c)They are not systematic and not amenable to scientific interpretation
(d)They are meaningful only if collected by a scientist

42Logic of induction is very close to
(a)The logic of sampling
(b)The logic of the controlled variable
(c)The logic of observation
(d) none of the above

43. Field study is related to
(a) Real life situations
(b) Laboratory situations
(c) Experimental situations
(d) None of the above

44.A researcher divides the populations into PG, graduates and 10+2 students and using the random digit table he selects some of them from each. This is technically called.
(a)Settled sampling
(b)Stratified random sampling
(c)Representative sampling
(d)None of these

45. Generalized conclusion on the basis of a sample is technically known as
(a) Statistical inference of external validity of the research
(b) Parameter inference
(c) Data analysis and interpretation
(d) all of the above

46. Validity of a research can be improved by
(a) Taking the true representative sample of the population
(b) Eliminating extraneous factors
(c) %
(d) Both the above measures
(e)  None of these

47. In higher education, research and education are two activities that:
(a) Cannot go together
(b) Can go only in sequential order
(c) Can go together
(d) Can go together but at the expense of each other

48. for a proposition to be true, it is necessary that it should have all of the following excepts:
(a) It must be objective
(b) It must be in tune with accepted beliefs
(c) It must be consistent
(d) It must be testable

49. Which of the following is not the requirement of a hypothesis? It should:
(a) Be based on facts
(b) Be conceivable
(c) Contradict the knowledge of nature
(d) Allow consequences to be deducted from it

50. Which of the following is most reasonable about teaching and research activities?
(a) Both are entirely different activities
(b) Both cannot be done side by side
(c) Both are two aspects of the same coin
(d) Both could hinder one another

51. My reaction to the statement: "A good teacher is essentially a good researcher" is that this is:
(a) My firm belief
(b)Difficult to agree to
(c)It is an opinion
(d)Only a hypothesis

52.The first question that a researcher interested in applying statistical techniques to his problem has to ask is:
(a)Whether data could be qualified or quantified
(b)Whether appropriate statistical techniques are available
(c)Whether analysis of data would be possible
(d)Whether worthwhile inferences could be drawn

53.The main difference between an administrator and researcher lies in the fact that:
(a)The former is more concerned only with the what of things while the researcher is interested in both
the what and why of things.
(b)The former approaches problems in a practical manner while the later is purely theoretical
(c)The former takes a global view while the later penetrates deep into specific issues
(d)The former is more interested in social outcomes while the later in finding out as to why things happen as they do.

54. Which would be acceptable for establishing a fact?
(a) Opinion of a large number of people
(b) Traditional practice over a lone period of time
(c) Availability of observable evidence
(d) reference in ancient literature

55. Research aim at:
(a) Control of concerned matter
(b) Understanding of concerned matter
(c) Human welfare with help of concerned matter
(d) Prediction of concerned matter

56. The research supervisors require the following as essential qualities:
(a) Expertise of subject matter
(b) Methodological
(c) Interdisciplinary
(d) Which is true
(i)  Only A
(ii)  Only B
(III) Both A & B
(iv) All

57.A good research always begins with:
(a)An original idea
(b)Preparation of plan and design for study
(c)Study of relevant research methodology
(d)Review of literature

58.In every field research promotes systematic and gradual advancement of knowledg but still discoveries are rare:
(a)It requires a continuous critical investigation
(b)Experimental work needed for discovery is not easily forthcoming
(c)Most people lack depth of knowledge for it
(d)Not able to think beyond a point

59. Which of the following is not a quality of scientific research?
(a) Imagination
(b) Creativity
(C) Objectivity
(d) Subjectivity

60. Objectivity in research implies:
(a) Correct judgment of truth
(b) Finding consistency with reality
(c) Research - researcher agreement
(d) Methodological sophistication

61. One undertakes research:
(a) To verify what has already been established
(b) To refute what has already been accepted as a fact
(c) To describe and explain a new phenomenon
(d) one or more of above

62. The valid base of knowledge lies in:
(a) Customs and traditions
(b) Authority
(c) Scientific enquiry
(d) Personal experience

63. Research process and scientific thinking are
(a) Unrelated process
(b) Process of enquiring new knowledge with different emphasis
(c) Synonymous
(d) Similar in some situations and dissimilar in others

64. Building up of theory is the aim of:
(a) Action research
(b) Fundamental research
(c) Historical research
(d) Applied research

65. Action research has its origin in:
(a) Modern human organization & theory
(b) System approach to education
(c) Logical thinking process
(d) Educational technology

66. Random sampling doesn't:
(a) Make the sample: representative of population
(b) Ensure generalization of result
(c) Reduce error and increase precision of experiment
(d) Maximum experimental variance

67. Which one of the variable is not discrete variable?
(a) Age
(b) Company bonds
(c) Place of residence
(d) Sex.

68. For a proposition to be true, it is necessary that it should have all of the followings:
(a) It must be objective
(b) It must be consistent
(c) It must be testable
(d) It must be in tune with accepted beliefs

69. What is not correct?
(a) A beliel becomes a scientific truth when it is established experimentally
(b) It is arrived at logically
(c) It is accepted by many people
(d) It can be replicated

70. from the following qualities which are essential for research scientists:
(a) Keenness
(b) Persistence
(c) Faith
(d) Logical reasoning

71. What is statistical inference?
(a) Reaching conclusion from a sample
(b) Analyzing statistical data
(c) Applying statistical methods
(d) Developing statistical theories

72. Sample is to population as:
(a) Large: Small
(b) False: True
(c) Part: Whole
(d) Commerce: Science

73. The process from where one proceeds from some given truth to an unknown truth is:
(a) Stating a conclusion
(b) Stating a premise
(c) Making a judment
(d) Making a inference

74. Qualitative research differs from quantitative research as it:
(a) Views phenomenon in a holistic manner
(b) Uses survey instead of experimentation
(c) It is cross sectional in nature
(d) It is highly objective

75. Two variables are correlated:
(a) If with the change in one variable the other variable also changes
(b) Change of variables are in opposite direction.
(c) "Two variables are similar in nature
(d) Two variables are dissimilar
76. The sampling design the purpose of which is to reduce per unit cost:
(a) Simple random
(b) Cluster
(c) Systematic
(d) Stratified